Utilitarian Theory

Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined solely by its contribution to overall utility: that is, its contribution to happiness or pleasure as summed among all people. It is thus a form of consequentialism, meaning that the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome.

Utilitarianism is often described by the phrase "the greatest good for the greatest number of people", and is also known as "the greatest happiness principle". Utility, the good to be maximized, has been defined by various thinkers as happiness or pleasure (versus suffering or pain), although preference utilitarians define it as the satisfaction of preferences. It may be described as a life stance, with happiness or pleasure being of ultimate importance.

Utilitarianism can be characterised as a quantitative and reductionist approach to ethics. It can be contrasted with deontological ethics (which do not regard the consequences of an act as the sole determinant of its moral worth) and virtue ethics (which focuses on character), as well as with other varieties of consequentialism.ethics of Utilitarianisme assume that something is can be made as moral norm if something is good for. Usefulness or benefit an action become size measure of normatif.

Characteristic of Utilitarianisme:

1. Critical Condition

Utilitarianime showed that we cannot off hand accept existing moral norm. Utilitarianisme question that norm. For example, seks before married. Premarital to follower of utilitarianisme, seks is that premarital not yet ugly of course. Have to be analysed first do usefulness of pre seks do marry that. Do effect of both for generated by pre seks do marry that bigger than effect of obsolence. If effect of its bigger goodness hence pre seks do marry that not only cannot be prohibited but is obliged to be that. If ugly effect of pre seks do marry that bigger hence pre seks do marry that is obliged to be prohibited.

2. Rational

Utilitarianisme didnot justly accept of existing moral norm. He question and this suppose role of ratio. This Utilitarianisme have the character of rational because he question an action what is good for or not. In case of seks pre do marry mentionedly, utilitarianisme question causes of seks pre do marry to be prohibited.

3. Teleologis

That Utilitarianisme have the character of teleologis because an action is looked into either from its target. Its meaning that an action have a purpose in herself so that can be looked into goodness.

4. Universalis

That famous motto of utilitarianisme is something thought well of by him if give big usefull for many people. This matter is often weared in the field of state and politics. Example of, in town of A will be woke up by turnpike in consequence some house will hit condemn. With reason for the benefit of larger ones and importance of throng, governmental will ask them which is its house hit condemn to be moving. action of condemn this is assumed by correctness because that obstacle is did for the benefit of larger ones of compare importance of them which is its house of condemn.

In short manner, principle of utilitarian express that : an action assumed by correctness from the aspect of ethical approach if and only if is full scale of yielded utilitas of the action bigger than amount of total utilitas which yielded by other action able to did.

Such as those which we know that theory of Utilitarianisme more is making account of of advantage to be obtained than have to think of effect to happened in the future. For example effect of social to be accounted on or felt by consumer wearing product a company using theory concept of utilitarianisme.

One of the example of which again its warmnesss is discussed by many people is the problem of gasometer of elpiji which is is special to be made to be passed to society which is indigent to overcome effect of lack of or is costly of materials burn price is expensive(petroleum). A company which producing gasometer of elpiji the make the the tube with a purpose to just for searching profit which many. They make the tube is not peaceful or fall short elegibility size measure for the usage of tube. As a result after society use the tube, happened many other accident and burning which accepted by society. This matter is caused by gasometer which is improper used mentioned burst.

Society have to account as a result, they lose other good and chattel and house. And quite a few society which must suffer bodily injury effect of gasometer explosion of elpiji. In this case company do not want to hold responsible, because according to them, they have worked maksimal.they didn't want to account social impact which accepted by society or his consumer.